Bio-inspired Energy-Efficient Robot: Mimicking Reptilian Locomotion for Rough Terrain Navigation

Abstract

The quest for sustainable, energy-efficient robotic systems has intensified in the face of growing demands for mobile platforms capable of operating in extreme environments. This research introduces a bio inspired robot designed to emulate the locomotion of desert reptiles’ animals that have evolved to move efficiently across hot, arid, and uneven landscapes. The robot leverages bio mimicry principles to reduce energy consumption, improve terrain adaptability, and maintain mechanical stability. Unlike conventional wheeled or bipedal robots that struggle with slippage and energy inefficiency on rough terrain, our reptile-inspired robot incorporates multiple articulated limbs and a spine-like segmented body that mirrors the motion of lizards and snakes. Using low-power actuators and a biologically-inspired Central Pattern Generator (CPG) control architecture, the robot dynamically adjusts its gait to respond to environmental changes such as loose sand, inclined surfaces, or rocky outcrops. A solar-rechargeable power system and terrain-adaptive algorithms further enhance energy conservation. Experimental results from simulation environments and prototype testing reveal up to 35% reduction in power usage compared to traditional mobile robots. This paper details the biological rationale, mechanical design, control systems, simulation, and practical applications of this robot. It ultimately proposes a framework for the future of eco-robotics in planetary exploration, environmental monitoring, and search-and-rescue operations in rugged terrains.